One of the most asked interview questions is related to Linux Hardware.
Like:
1. Which command you should run on linux to know its architecture alternative to uname?
2. How you gonna list RAM size?
3. What products have been used in motherboard?
4. How will you know what processor is running on your linux box?
and so on...
Then comes dmidecode for the rescue.
DMIDECODE display the system hardware components that you currently use on your Linux computer system.The dmidecode dump the computer DMI or SMBIOS table contents in a human readable format. This DMI or SMBIOS contains a description of the system hardware components and other useful information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision. The step by step command example below show the use of dmidecode command to show the list of computer hardware system components on Linux Fedora.
The SMBIOS specification defines the following DMI types:
Type Information
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
Type dmidecode and you could collect each and every information.
Here is an example of my Dell Inspiron Machine running Fedora new Kernel 2.6.33.
e 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 4 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 2
Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz
Manufacturer: AD00000000000000
Serial Number: 00004021
Asset Tag: 000845
Part Number: HYMP112S64CP6-S6
Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_B
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz
Manufacturer: AD00000000000000
Serial Number: 00003030
Asset Tag: 000845
Part Number: HYMP112S64CP6-S6
Handle 0x1301, DMI type 19, 15 bytes
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Physical Array Handle: 0x1000
Partition Width: 0
Handle 0x1401, DMI type 20, 19 bytes
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Physical Device Handle: 0x1100
Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x1301
Partition Row Position: 1
Interleave Position: 1
Interleaved Data Depth: 8
Handle 0x1411, DMI type 126, 19 bytes
Inactive
Handle 0x1402, DMI type 20, 19 bytes
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Physical Device Handle: 0x1101
Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x1301
Partition Row Position: 1
Interleave Position: 2
Interleaved Data Depth: 8
Handle 0x1412, DMI type 126, 19 bytes
Inactive
Handle 0x1500, DMI type 21, 7 bytes
Built-in Pointing Device
Type: Touch Pad
Interface: Bus Mouse
Buttons: 2
Handle 0x1600, DMI type 22, 26 bytes
Portable Battery
Location: Sys. Battery Bay
Manufacturer:
Name: DELL X409G8A
Design Capacity: 37000 mWh
Design Voltage: 11100 mV
SBDS Version: 1.0
Maximum Error: 4%
SBDS Serial Number: 3A58
SBDS Manufacture Date: 2008-10-06
SBDS Chemistry: LION
OEM-specific Information: 0x00000001
Handle 0x1B00, DMI type 27, 12 bytes
Cooling Device
Type: Fan
Status: OK
OEM-specific Information: 0x0000DD00
Handle 0x1C00, DMI type 28, 20 bytes
Temperature Probe
Description: CPU Internal Temperature
Location: Processor
Status: OK
Maximum Value: 127.0 deg C
Minimum Value: 0.0 deg C
Resolution: 1.000 deg C
Tolerance: 0.5 deg C
Accuracy: Unknown
OEM-specific Information: 0x0000DC00
Handle 0x2000, DMI type 32, 11 bytes
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected
Handle 0xB000, DMI type 176, 5 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
B0 05 00 B0 00
Handle 0xB100, DMI type 177, 12 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
B1 0C 00 B1 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Handle 0xD000, DMI type 208, 10 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
D0 0A 00 D0 01 04 FE 00 2F 02
Handle 0xD800, DMI type 216, 9 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
D8 09 00 D8 01 03 01 F0 03
Strings:
Intel Corp.
1566
Handle 0xD900, DMI type 217, 8 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
D9 08 00 D9 01 02 01 03
Strings:
US-101
Proprietary
Handle 0xDB00, DMI type 219, 9 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
DB 09 00 DB 03 01 02 03 FF
Strings:
System Device Bay
Floppy, Battery, CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD, DVD+RW, DVD+/-RW, Hard Disk, BLU-RAY
DVD+/-RW
Handle 0xDC00, DMI type 220, 22 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
DC 16 00 DC 01 F0 00 00 02 F0 00 00 00 00 03 F0
04 F0 00 00 00 00
Handle 0xDD00, DMI type 221, 19 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
DD 13 00 DD 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00
Handle 0xD400, DMI type 212, 37 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
D4 25 00 D4 74 00 75 00 00 10 2D 2E 5C 00 78 BF
40 5D 00 78 BF 00 08 00 1D DF 00 03 00 1D DF 00
FF FF 00 00 00
Handle 0xD401, DMI type 212, 17 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
D4 11 01 D4 74 00 75 00 03 40 49 4A FF FF 00 00
00
Handle 0xDE00, DMI type 222, 16 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
DE 10 00 DE 01 02 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
Handle 0x7F00, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
End Of Table
[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -q
BIOS Information
Vendor: Dell Inc.
Version: A16
Release Date: 10/16/2008
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 2048 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
AGP is supported
Smart battery is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
BIOS Revision: 1.6
Firmware Revision: 1.6
System Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: Inspiron 1525
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: GHRM2BS
UUID: 44454C4C-4800-1052-804D-C7C04F324253
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: Not Specified
Family:
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: 0U990C
Version:
Serial Number: .GHRM2BS.CN701668A70TCK.
Asset Tag:
Chassis Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Type: Portable
Lock: Not Present
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: GHRM2BS
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Boot-up State: Safe
Power Supply State: Safe
Thermal State: Safe
Security Status: None
Processor Information
Socket Designation: Microprocessor
Type: Central Processor
Family: Core 2 Duo
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: FD 06 00 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 13
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (Fast floating-point save and restore)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Hyper-threading technology)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Not Specified
Voltage: 3.3 V
External Clock: 200 MHz
Max Speed: 2000 MHz
Current Speed: 2000 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: None
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 2
Core Enabled: 2
Thread Count: 2
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 32 kB
Maximum Size: 32 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Unknown
Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: None
System Type: Data
Associativity: 4-way Set-associative
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Varies With Memory Address
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 2048 kB
Maximum Size: 2048 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Pipeline Burst
Installed SRAM Type: Pipeline Burst
Speed: 15 ns
Error Correction Type: None
System Type: Unified
Associativity: Other
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: USB
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
Port Type: USB
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: MONITOR
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: DB-15 female
Port Type: Video Port
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: FireWire
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: IEEE 1394
Port Type: Firewire (IEEE P1394)
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Modem
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: RJ-11
Port Type: Modem Port
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Ethernet
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: RJ-45
Port Type: Network Port
System Slot Information
Designation: PCMCIA 0
Type: 32-bit PC Card (PCMCIA)
Current Usage: Available
Length: Other
ID: Adapter 0, Socket 0
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided
PC Card-16 is supported
Cardbus is supported
Zoom Video is supported
Modem ring resume is supported
On Board Device Information
Type: Video
Status: Enabled
Description: Intel Crestline Graphics
On Board Device Information
Type: Sound
Status: Enabled
Description: Sigmatel 9205
OEM Strings
String 1: Dell System
String 2: 5[0003]
String 3: 13[PP22L]
BIOS Language Information
Installable Languages: 1
en|US|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 4 GB
Number Of Devices: 2
Memory Device
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz
Manufacturer: AD00000000000000
Serial Number: 00004021
Asset Tag: 000845
Part Number: HYMP112S64CP6-S6
Memory Device
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_B
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz
Manufacturer: AD00000000000000
Serial Number: 00003030
Asset Tag: 000845
Part Number: HYMP112S64CP6-S6
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Partition Width: 0
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Partition Row Position: 1
Interleave Position: 1
Interleaved Data Depth: 8
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
Range Size: 2 GB
Partition Row Position: 1
Interleave Position: 2
Interleaved Data Depth: 8
Built-in Pointing Device
Type: Touch Pad
Interface: Bus Mouse
Buttons: 2
Portable Battery
Location: Sys. Battery Bay
Manufacturer:
Name: DELL X409G8A
Design Capacity: 37000 mWh
Design Voltage: 11100 mV
SBDS Version: 1.0
Maximum Error: 4%
SBDS Serial Number: 3A58
SBDS Manufacture Date: 2008-10-06
SBDS Chemistry: LION
OEM-specific Information: 0x00000001
Cooling Device
Type: Fan
Status: OK
OEM-specific Information: 0x0000DD00
Temperature Probe
Description: CPU Internal Temperature
Location: Processor
Status: OK
Maximum Value: 127.0 deg C
Minimum Value: 0.0 deg C
Resolution: 1.000 deg C
Tolerance: 0.5 deg C
Accuracy: Unknown
OEM-specific Information: 0x0000DC00
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected
[root@localhost ~]#
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